Theories of the Press - 1395 Words

Name: Sherisse Mohammed Subject: Recurrent Issues in Communication Arts Tutor: Peter Richards Topic: Of the four (4) theories of the press, which one adequately represents the situation in Trinidad Tobago? In 1956, three professors of communication; Fred S. Siebert, Theodore Peterson and Wilbur Schramm, published their Four Theories of the Press which went a long way in establishing a classification in the minds of students and educators of journalism. The book was originally published to help give historical, philosophical and international perspective of the press. The four theories were namely the authoritarian theory, the libertarian theory, social responsibility theory and finally, the soviet totalitarian theory.†¦show more content†¦There s a duty to think before anything is published in media. The right to freedom of expression is not absolute; it s conditional upon acceptance of this social duty or obligation. If a publication systematically panders to vulgarity, sensationalism, or degradation of the human race, it has forfeited its moral right to freedom of the press. Individuals are also not allowed to deliberately lie, falsely publish, slander, or defame oth er individuals because doing so forfeits their social bond with others. Lies which are honestly mistaken beliefs, however, should be tolerated. In this theory, it is believed that mischief must face its consequences. Finally, the soviet communist theory was supported by the communist ideology Karl Marx and Frederiche Engels who proposed a system where power or governmental rule lay amongst just a few in societies who were judged to be the elite or high in social class. They went further to predict that there would be a revolution where the individuals of the lower class would overthrow those in power to form a classless society where everyone shared equal power and status. The media was therefore supposed to amplify or bring to light the concerns of the working class or less influential in society. They were not owned by the government but were to some extent controlled by it. The media was also not to be underShow MoreRelatedFour Theories of the Press1514 Words   |  7 PagesFOUR THEORIES OF THE PRESS ORIGINS OF THE THEORIES The â€Å"Four Theories of the Press† was by three professors, Fred S. Siebert, Theodore Peterson and Wilbur Schramm, and since 1956, has come a long way. Over time, it has established a typology in the minds of journalism educators and students. The four theories are authoritarian, libertarian, social responsibility and soviet communist (Preserve Articles, 2012). AUTHORITARIAN THEORY Authoritarian is defined as favouring or enforcing strict obedienceRead MoreThe Concept Of Patient Needs Using Murrays Theory Of Human Press1438 Words   |  6 PagesKolcaba (1994) expanded the concept of patient needs using Murray’s (1938) theory of human press, hanging nursing concepts on his abstract framework and developing relationships between needs, interventions, outcomes, and comfort. Kolcaba (2003) created a diagram of the CT, substructed from the theory of human press. Researchers individualize the diagram, starting with line four. Each researcher then develops unique versions of lines five and six. Each item on line five should have a conceptualRead MoreArticle Review : Toward A Theory Of Press State Relations On The United States 1909 Words   |  8 PagesWithin this critical article review, I aim to assess and critically analyze the notions put forth by Bennett in his article titled ‘Toward a Theory of Press State Relations in the United States†™ (Bennett, 1990). In this article, Bennett formulates his indexing hypothesis, which, at its simplest level, predicts that news content will generally follow the boundaries of elite debate. This means that when elites agree on a matter, this consensus will be reflected in news media, whereas when elites disagreeRead MoreDoes the Theory of Evolution Contradict Creation?1326 Words   |  6 Pageschristianity These days , a number of the view that the theory of evolution as formulated by Charles Darwin is not against religion . There also was not convinced that the theory of evolution but still also contribute in teaching and redistribute it . This would not have happened if they really understand the theory. This is due to the inability to understand the dogma of Darwinism , including the views of the most dangerous of these theories are indoctrinated to the society . Therefore , for thoseRead MoreEssay on Colonial Oppression of Women1123 Words   |  5 Pagespower relationships are usually portrayed. Colonial and Postcolonial studies among other critical approaches provide a suitable critical discourse to analyze this issue in literary works. Feminist discourses share many similarities with postcolonial theory and for this reason the two fields have long been associative, even complimentary; both discourses are predominantly political and concern with the struggle against oppression an d injustice. Moreover both reject the established hierarchical, patriarchalRead MoreEssay on Theories of Causation of Crime and Its Solution 1250 Words   |  5 Pageshistory of criminal theory, spiritual and natural theories are taken as major theories of causation of crime. During medieval period, spiritual explanations were taken as punishment given by god for doing wrong things and any natural disasters like flood, fires, etc were evaluated as curse of high power. In modern period, the basic theories of causation of crime are classical theory, biological theory, psychological theory, cultural theory and conflict theory. The classical theory explains that freeRead MoreLiterary Theories And Literary Criticism1318 Words   |  6 PagesLiterary theories and literary criticism New Historicism 1. †¢ It is a literary theory based on the criticism of Stephen Greenblatt and philosophy Michel Foucault. †¢ It states that literature should be studied and interpreted in context with the author’s history as well as the history of the critic. †¢ Acknowledges that the author’s literature is influenced by his/her situations or surroundings. †¢ The critic’s response is also influenced by his/her surroundings, beliefs, values and prejudices. †¢ ShowsRead MoreMarx, Weber And Durkheim s Views On The Social1385 Words   |  6 PagesContemporary Sociological Theory, 2nd ed., edited by S. A. Appelrouth and L. D. Edles. Los Angeles, CA: Pine Forge Press/Sage Publications. Durkheim, Emile. 1895. â€Å"The Rules of Sociological Method.† Pp. 86-92 in Classical and Contemporary Sociological Theory, 2nd ed., edited by S. A. Appelrouth and L. D. Edles. Los Angeles, CA: Pine Forge Press/Sage Publications. Durkheim, Emile. 1897. â€Å"Suicide: A Study in Sociology.† Pp. 103-113 in Classical and Contemporary Sociological Theory, 2nd ed., edited by SRead MoreShort Story : Dear Boss Letter Essay1360 Words   |  6 PagesHundreds more letters were sent to both the press and the police. The Evening News speculated, â€Å"it is not necessarily assumed that this has been the work of the murderer, the idea that naturally occurs being that the whole thing is a practical joke.† Many newspapers considered the letters hoaxes written by members of the public. The postcard that arrived at the Central News Agency on October 1st was received before the double murder was made known to the press, supporting the notion that the Ripper himselfRead MoreSocial Cognitive Theory of Learning Essay1658 Words   |  7 PagesSocial Cognitive Theory of Learning Social cognitive theory of learning is a theoretical perspective that focuses on learning by observing others and eventually assuming control over one’s own behavior (Ormrod, 2011, p.323). Social cognitive theory is a perspective that helps us understand about learning by observing other people doing the same thing. This theory is a blend of behaviorism and cognitive psychology (Ormrod, 2011). Behaviorism theory relates to learning as a stimulus- response relationship

The International Community Development Scholarship Program

As would be student at your University, I am honoured to have an opportunity to apply for the International Community Development Scholarship Program. Studying the programme would ensure I give a positive contribution to my country after finishing the course. I believe that community development workers input to the society is invaluable. Hence, I want to be aligned with a profession that assists the underprivileged in the society. I am committed to pursuing a career in social work. As evidenced from my transcript, I am an individual who thrives through hard work. Captivatingly, there is a Japanese proverb that states that, fall seven times, stand up eight. This proverb conjecture implies that the only way you can lose is by not getting up when you fall. Therefore, in the event that one falls and decides not to get up, they would surely have accepted defeat. Instinctively, if one stands up, there is a chance for hope, however, slender it might seem. Additionally, this quote means being persistent even though circumstances seem not permitting. Intriguingly, this is what drives me never to give up when I encounter difficult situations. Consequently, no matter how complicated situations are, I have a belief that even with stumbling blocks; I can succeed. Hence, if offered funding, I will be able to prove my uniqueness that helps me to succeed in challenging circumstances. The societal function is my inspiration, and the ideologies embraced by different politicalShow MoreRelatedMy Primary Reason Applying For A Scholarship875 Words   |  4 PagesMy primary reason applying for a Scholarship is to reduce the financial burden of graduate school. As a Social Work professional and a Master’s degree student at Durham University, I have a fair understanding of the burdens of research and earning a PhD in Education demands a lot of study and research projects which can only be successful when one is relax and free from all finance problems. I am determined to restructure social work education in regional West Africa to reflect the very nature ofRead MoreFinancing of University Education in Kenya1703 Words   |  7 Pagestraining of skilled manpower for economic development, public and private universities in developing countries especially those in Africa are facing financial crisis. Universities in Kenya gets financial aids from different sources which include; finances from parents, self finance, Banks-some banks give education loans to students or parents, cooperative societies, Constituency Development Funds[C.D.F], scholarships from educational institutions e.g universitiesRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility of Sime Darby838 Words   |  4 PagesNovember 2008. It works closely with the Sime Darby Group and its Divisions in areas of common | |concern. The foundation supports initiatives in the following five key areas: | |Community development | |Education Read MoreThe Concept Of Brain Drain, Brain Gain And Brain Drain1104 Words   |  5 Pagesculture. The research of Perna et al. (2015) reiterated the concept that brain circulation was especially important in countries with† transitioning economies† (p. 173). They indicated,† Government-sponsored student mobility programs may also promote human capital development in the home nation, as students returning from study abroad may contribute to faster creation of new knowledge and help other people acquire skills without any direct costs† (p. 174). This would have been the case in Saudi ArabiaRead MoreNcaa Division I Sports Teams Essay1013 Words   |  5 Pagesmajors, minors and pre-professional programs through their six colleges. These include the Colleges of Business, Nursing, Education, Fines Arts and Arts and Sciences. The university offers a popular honors program, study abroad opportunities and 19 NCAA Division I sports teams. This mission of the university is to offer students a small and independent community learning environment. The university has students from all states and a healthy number of international students. There are also many adultRead MoreEssay on Nursing Professional Organization802 Words   |  4 Pagesmission of this organization and it’s contributing factor and benefits to nursing. The impact of the organization on the community, the political stand point and supportive issues it has on nursing, the resources it provides on the web and to health professionals and the public, the choices for scholarship and continuing education, if any local chapters are located in the community and participation is allowed, my consideration of joining this organization, and advantages and disadvantages of participatingRead MoreEnglish Language Is Globally Important982 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish Language is Globally Important ï  ® English is the major language in such fields as international diplomacy, business and commerce, science and technology, and the travel industry. How did English become such an important global language? ï  ® British Colonialism ï‚ ¨ Took English to North America, the Caribbean, Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and the Indian sub-continent U.S. rise as a strong economic and strategic power ï  ® Pop Culture ï  ® English became the language of diplomacyRead MoreNew Colombo Plan Scholarship Application1440 Words   |  6 PagesSarah D Arcy New Colombo Plan scholarship application Academic Achievements I am a committed student with high personal goals. As demonstrated through my excellent university grades, I am a passionate learner and always aim to reach my full potential. I have received a congratulatory letter of excellence in seven of eight units studied at university so far. I engage in all practical and tutorial classes for every unit. I study to ensure the full benefit of my learning. Group study is a veryRead MoreAnalysis of Some of the Benefits of Study Abroad Essay1538 Words   |  7 PagesIn 20th century, due to modern development in the field of science, history and technology, the people are interacting with each other through satellite and internet. It has now become a necessary for all governments to collaborate with each other in all sectors of life either related to the business or the education. It can be done only through the exchange of the language, culture, and traditions (Caffarella Daffron, 2013). 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Ecological Economics Movement- Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Ecological Economics. Answer: Introduction The selected Journal article is based on topic namely Ecological Economics. The Journal is related to the deep analysis of the study and management of natures household (ecology) and humankinds household (economics).The overall analysis of the journal integrates the study regarding the environmental policies framed by the government is not beneficial for the environment in the long run. Moreover, this article focuses on the key elements of the environment which contributed majorly to the sustainable development. This article identifies sustainability development and contribution of economics towards the development of an environment in the long run (Reverchon and Nasser, 2013). The various studies and methodologies determine the key facts and findings regarding the technological, infrastructure, lifestyle and institutions from the past decades. Moreover, it focuses on the demand factor that needs drastic reductions of environmental burdens. For e.g. Greenhouse gases implied that current technology is not sufficient to cope with that issue. Moreover, another important element in the article focuses the innovations that offset the costs and burdens of the environmental regulations. Moreover, this article coherently explains the relationship between the innovations in techniques and their impact on the demand, supply and cost factors of the technology. It is assumed by the authors that new types of vehicles, renewable energy systems, and infrastructure need more innovations in their techniques. This article determines from the economic point of view it analyzed that changes in the technology and energy sector from the past decade is still far from the equilibrium factor (Smith Smith and Waters, 2012). Methodology As per the analysis of the particular journal article, authors depict the important findings and research on the various problems related to the ecological innovation. Moreover, it also identified that author used the theoretical or qualitative model to carry out the research issue significantly (Fontana and Sawyer, 2016). The researcher used the systematical and theoretical analysis of the methods in the field of study that is easy to identify the problems and opportunities in the field of research. Along with this, it is also determined that a technique which is used by the researcher is critics by some of the authors (Wilson, 2012). As compared to other articles from the similar problem it finds that current methodological and theoretical frameworks do not address the some of the important issues in the research significantly. Richardson, et al., (2015) argued that research needs can be identified to improve our understanding of innovation process towards sustainability in their different dimensions, complex feedback systems, and interrelations. On the other side, it can analyze from the different articles, this research article is devoted to the developing new methodologies, techniques and investigating the implications of various ideological assumptions. The theoretical implications or technique is helpful for the researcher to answers the research problems effectively (Spash, 2012). From this approach, the researcher effectively relates the movements of the economy with the ecology. The qualitative technique is used by the researcher to address the research problems with the aim of the detailed description of observations, including the context of events and circumstances. In this study, the researcher used the inductive methods to analyses the problems related to the issue (Costanza,et. al., 2014).The researcher assumed that inductive method is best for the study because it is based upon the qualitative technique. Assumptions The researcher assumes that three types of changes are important for the sustainable development (eco-innovation).Firstly, the role of the technological, social and institutional innovation helps the environmental regulations and lastly, the researcher assumes that double externality problem, push and pulls effect and the increasing importance of social and institutional innovation. The researcher assumes that increase in the demand of some important variables like technological and social changes will contribute positively in the ecological systems (Costanza, et. al., 2014). Moreover, the author also assumes the neo classical theories and coevolutionary approaches from environmental innovation economics to ecological research are discussed. Strengths and weaknesses of the Methodology Every research methodology has the positive and negative points of the study. From this particular article, it determines that research methodology has certain strengths and weaknesses. The strength of the research methodology is that it is based upon the qualitative technique that gives the end number of data regarding the research problem. From this method, the researcher has the number of sources to analyses the problem of the research and accomplishes the research objectives significantly. Similarly, it is also found that a number of variables are assumed by the researcher for a particular topic is wide that gives the appropriate results to the researcher regarding the research problem (Spash, 2013). Lastly, the inductive method is used by the researcher is beneficial for the research due to theoretical information. Besides this, the weaknesses in the research methodology are that researcher could not address the problems effectively in some areas due to the bias of information o r lack of proper sources. Findings from the research article It can be identified from the journal article that depicts that role of technological, social and cultural innovation impact on the sustainability development. Moreover, it is also found from the analysis of the article that changes in the demand, supply, and consumption of the resources increases or decreases the sustainable development in the long run. Moreover, it is also found from the author views that innovation in technology and sustainable methods develop the sustainable approach. It is also found that some of the researchers argues that neo classical theory of economics does not contribute much in the sustainable development (Alcott, 2012). Moreover, the researcher also finds that three important variables are the major reason that contributes into the economic innovations i.e. technology push, regulatory push and market push. These three variables contribute the major role in the sustainability development. Potential to impact on the environmental management or decision making in practice As per the overall analysis of the article, it can be identified that innovation in process, products, and organizations reduced the burden on the environment in the long term. It is also depicts from the study gives the appropriate evidence and solutions regarding the research problem which can help the management to improve the decision-making process of the environmental management. Moreover, environmental economics like changes in the tax regime and tradable permits has been the important lessons from the environmental economics. These instruments have been identified as environmental policy instruments with highest dynamic efficiency. Similarly, technological innovations like revise the criteria of the technology in auto industries are according to the combustion level of the cars (Daly, 2013). These parameters help companies to reduce the level of emissions from the transport helps to sustainable development in the long run. Moreover, the push concept of the economics enables companies to produce eco-friendly products which contribute an important role in the environmental management. On the others side, it is also identified from the double externality problem reduces the incentives for firms to invest in eco-innovations. Innovation policy cuts the costs of the technological, institutional and social innovation, especially in the phases of invention and market introduction. For instance, by financial support for new projects and in diffusion stage it also improves the performance of characteristics of eco-innovations (Rezai, Taylor and Mechler, 2013). As per the above studies and theories discussed in the article, it seems that it lacks in some areas of the studies which hamper the decision making the process of the environmental management. References Alcott, B., (2012) Population matters in ecological economics.Ecological Economics,80, pp.109-120. Costanza, R., Cumberland, J.H., Daly, H., Goodland, R., Norgaard, R.B., Kubiszewski, I. and Franco, C., (2014) An introduction to ecological economics. CRC Press. Daly, H., (2013) A further critique of growth economics.Ecological economics,88, pp.20-24. Fontana, G. and Sawyer, M., (2016) Towards post-Keynesian ecological macroeconomics.Ecological Economics,121, pp.186-195. Reverchon, S. and Nasser, W., (2013) Dickeya ecology, environment sensing and regulation of virulence programme.Environmental microbiology reports,5(5), pp.622-636. Rezai, A., Taylor, L. and Mechler, R., (2013) Ecological macroeconomics: An application to climate change.Ecological Economics,85, pp.69-76. Richardson, L., Loomis, J., Kroeger, T. and Casey, F., (2015) The role of benefit transfer in ecosystem service valuation.Ecological Economics,115, pp.51-58. Smith, T.M., Smith, R.L. and Waters, I., (2012)Elements of ecology. San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings. Spash, C.L., (2012) New foundations for ecological economics.Ecological Economics,77, pp.36-47. Spash, C.L., (2013) The shallow or the deep ecological economics movement?.Ecological Economics,93, pp.351-362. Wilson, R.F., (2012)Energy, ecology, and the environment.UK: Elsevier.

The Burning of Unwanted Brides free essay sample

I sat in front of my computer struggling to come up with an idea for my AP Studio Art concentration. I wanted to pick a topic relevant in today’s society, while managing to stay true to myself. In addition, I wanted to avoid the ever so popular teenage angst ideas. Including, but not limited to: death, being alone in the world, and being misunderstood. Contrary to what most of adult society believes the typical high school teenager to be, I am not this generation’s Holden Caulfield (although, I do often wonder where the ducks go in the winter.) I am simply not teenage angst. Over the summer, I became interested in the topic of feminism and the study of women’s rights, and when it came time to choose a topic I decided this would be a nice place to begin my research. Almost instantly, I came across the issue of bride burning – a form of domestic violence practiced in parts of India, and its surrounding countries. We will write a custom essay sample on The Burning of Unwanted Brides or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In bride burning, it is said that the husband douses his wife with kerosene and sets her on fire, in most cases leading to her death. The husband is given the right to burn his wife if she refuses to pay the extra dowry demanded by him, or if he simply grows tired of her. I was immediately struck by the topic and delved into more research. During one particular day of research, I forced myself to type â€Å"bride burning† into the Google Images search engine, and was brought near to tears by what I found. Images of women who had barely survived the burning filled the page. Their half charred faces and terrified expression stared at me, as chills were sent down my spine. I immediately sympathized with the women in the pictures, and was overcome with the urge to hop on a plane to India and save all women affected by this tradition. Soon after, however, it struck me that flying to India was not – atleast at that time – possible, nor practical. What I saw that day had a profound impact on me, and inspired the first piece of my concentration – which focuses on the varying challenges faced by women from culture to culture. In order to finish my first piece, I commissioned the help of one of my best friends, Brittany, asking her to model for me. Brittany’s family is 100% Sri Lankan, and – having known her since kindergarten – I have grown very close to them. As I was photographing her, I began explaining the idea behind my piece and the topic of my concentration. She was very interested in my ideas and, after going home, shared my visions with her mother and grandmother. Her grandmother, whom was visiting from Sri Lanka, immediately began rattling off the names of family’s she knew had been affected by bride burning. I was lucky enough to interview her grandmother, where she discussed not only her personal accounts of bride burning, but also her experiences growing up and living in Sri Lanka. My discovery of bride burning and my disturbance at its existence led to my passion for the issue, and my interest in other areas of human rights. It changed the way I am approaching my AP Studio Art concentration, but also the way I formulate opinions on social issues and view other cultures. My time spent in art has taught me the importance of diversity and acceptance. In order to improve the conditions of women across the world, we need to learn more about their culture and be accepting of it – not try to deny them of it or change it. Art has inspired me to want to make a difference. Advanced Placement Studio Art has allowed me to work independently and encouraged me to freely explore my thoughts and ideas – an opportunity which few high school students receive. It has pushed me above and beyond my boundaries, and forced me to think beyond that of a typical high school student. I have had the opportunity to meet incredible people, and share in many incredible experiences. It has opened me up to an entire world beyond that of my suburban backyard, and has made me want something more than what is expected of me.